Vaginal Prolapse

Dr Jenny Cook | Sydney Gynaecologist & Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeon

Understanding and Treating Vaginal Prolapse

Vaginal prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles weaken, allowing organs such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus to bulge into the vaginal space.

Symptoms may include:

A feeling or awareness of a bulge in the vagina.
Discomfort during intercourse.
Difficulty fully emptying the rectum.

Vaginal prolapse is often linked to childbirth-related pelvic floor damage, but it may not appear until later in life. Menopause can increase the risk, as lower oestrogen levels reduce tissue strength. Constipation, heavy lifting, or anything that increases pressure on the pelvic floor can also make symptoms worse.

Vaginal prolapse is common and treatable, with the right support, you can regain comfort and confidence.

Types and Management of Vaginal Prolapse

Causes, types, and treatment options for vaginal prolapse.

Causes of Vaginal Prolapse

Childbirth – pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues may be stretched or damaged.
Menopause – reduced oestrogen weakens supporting tissues.
Lifestyle factors – chronic constipation, persistent coughing, or heavy lifting can increase pressure on the pelvic floor.

Types of Vaginal Prolapse

Cystocele – bladder bulging into the vagina.
Rectocele – rectum bulging into the vagina.
Procidentia – prolapse of the cervix and uterus.
Enterocele – small bowel pushing into the vaginal vault (often after hysterectomy).

Management Options

Conservative management:

Local oestrogen treatments (pessary or cream) to improve tissue strength.
Pelvic floor exercises, often guided by a specialist physiotherapist.

Surgical options:

Laparoscopic Pelvic Floor Repair.
Vaginal Repair procedures.

Surgery is tailored to the type and severity of prolapse, with care taken to restore function and quality of life. Further details on these surgical procedures can be found in the Surgery section of this site.

Case Studies

Surgery